Direct & indirect speech

I'm trying to learn Direct speech and Indirect speech

Direct speech to Indirect speech

• Direct speech : "I knew this place well last year," he said to me. (number 5) 

• Indirect speech : He said to me that he had known this place well last year.

 Indirect speech to Direct speech

• Indirect speech : She said to James that she had had lunch as 12 o'clock. (number 1)
•  
• Direct speech : "I have had lunch as 12 o'clock," She said to James.

 conjunction

• She wants to buy a Chevrolet, or She wants to buy a Toyota (number 6)
  

become

• She wants to buy either a Chevrolet, or a Toyota.

Interesting Event 2

Daily Activities (while in college)

I always wake up early in the morning. I usually make my bed of a clean.  Then i always brush my teeth before i take a bath. I always have breakfast before leaving to the campus. I sometimes have breakfast with fried rice and fried chicken and often have breakfast with soup. I usually go to campus by motorcycle, but sometimes i go to campus by my father’s car. I always come to the campus on time and study seriously and cheerfully. Sometimes i play football after back from campus in the afternoon. In the evening i usually review the lesson and prepare the homework. After that i often listen music on my cellphone. I always sleep at 9.15 p.m.

Interesting event

FUNNY NIGHT

           Yesterday  , On the Wednesday night, When I was watching TV with my friends, suddenly the  power of outages. Then we tried to find a candle, but after find it, we didn’t have a match. With the lighting of Handphone, we find a match. After a long time we were looking for a match, finally I found a match. With the proudly, I came my friend 's place, but, suddenly I hear noises in the darkness.  Not mistaken, my friend seems to fell on the floor. With a laugh, I try to turn on the candle with a match. But,  suddenly the power is restored. And my friend was laughing turns, so we both had to each other laughing. That's my fun story in this week.

TENSES

MEMAHAMI TENSES

                Saya akan menshare sedikit pengetahuan saya mengenai tenses. Tenses merupakan perubahan bentuk kata kerja (verb/infinitive) yang berkaitan dengan perubahan waktu ketika suatu kegiatan/kejadian dibicarakan.

ü  PRESENT TENSE

o   Simple Present (Subject + Verb 1): Simple Present Tense kita gunakan untuk menyatakan kebiasaan yang masih dilakukan hingga saat kita mengatakannya saat ini. Contoh : Andi smokes.

o   Present Continuous (Subject + Is/Am/Are + Verb Ing) : Present Continuous Tense kita gunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kegiatan/kejadian yang sedang atau masih kita lakukan/berlangsung pada saat kita mengatakannya. Contoh : Andi and Ira are talking on the phone.

o   Present Perfect (Subject + Has/Have + Verb3): Present Perfect Tense dipakai untuk menyatakan tindakan/perbuatan atau situasi yang pernah/sudah terjadi (atau belum pernah terjadi) hingga saat mengatakannya. Waktu persisnya kapan tindakan ini terjadi tidak terlalu penting untuk dikatakan. Contoh : Andi has worked here for one week.

o   Present Perfect Continuous (Subject + Has/Have + Been + Verb Ing) : Present Perfect Continuous Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan lamanya (durasi) sudah atau belumnya suatu kegiatan atau situasi yang dimulai diwaktu lampau dan masih berlanjut hingga saat ini. Contoh : Ira has been working here.

ü  PAST TENSES

o   Simple Past (Subject + Verb 2): Simple Past Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kegiatan atau situasi yang dimulai dan berakhir pada waktu tertentu diwaktu lampau. Contoh : Andi went to Spain last year.

o   Past Continuous (Subject + Was/Were + Verb ing) : Past Continuous Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang sedang dilakukan/berlangsung diwaktu lampau. Contoh : Andi was washing the car yesterday.

o   Past Perfect (Subject + Had + Verb 3) : Past Perfect Tense dipakai untuk menyatakan kegiatan atau situasi yang sudah selesai dilakukan/terjadi sebelum berlangsungnya kegiatan lain diwaktu lampau. Contoh : Andi had watched TV last night before his father came.

o   Past Perfect Continuous (Subject + Had + Been + Verb ing) : Past Perfect Continuous dipakai untuk menekankan durasi sudah atau belumnya suatu kegiatan yang sedang berlangsung sebelum kegiatan lain diwaktu lampau. Pada saat mengatakannya kegiatan tersebut sudah tidak dilakukan lagi. Contoh : He had been writing two letter for ten minutes before I called him yesterday.

(tenses-tenses yang biasa digunakan dalam pengandaian diwaktu lampau)

o   Simple Past Future (Subject + Would + Verb 1). Simple Past Future tense dipakai untuk Menyatakan perbuatan yang akan dilakukan pada waktu lampau.  Contoh : Yesterday if devan saw tou, he would buy present for you.

o   Past Future Continuous (Subject + Would + be + Verb ing). Past Future Continuous tense dipakai untuk Menyatakan perbuatan yang akan sedang dilakukan pada waktu lampau. Contoh : She would be watering the garden when ella came yesterday.

o   Past Future Perfect (Subject + Would + Have + Verb 3). Past Future Perfect tense digunakan untuk menyatakan pengandaian yang tidak mungkin terjadi karena syaratnya yang sudah pasti tidak dapat terpenuhi, namun hanya sebagai pengandaian syarat itu terpenuhi pada waktu lampau.  Contoh : If they had known that I was there, they would have visited me.

o   Past Future Perfect Continuous (Subject + Would + Have + Been + Verb Ing). Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense dipakai untuk mengatakan suatu pengandaian yang sudah pasti tidak terjadi dimasa lampau. Contoh : Last month when Crish told you, he would have been teaching for fifteen years.

ü  FUTURE TENSES

o   Simple Future (Subject + Will + Verb 1) : Simple Future Tense dipakai untuk mengatakan kegiatan/kejadian yang akan dilakukan/terjadi dimasa yang akan datang. Pada saat mengatakannya, kegiatan/kejadian tersebut belum dilakukan/terjadi. Contoh : Anis will buy a Novel tomorrow.

o   Future Continuous (Subject + Will + Be + Verb ing) : Future Continuous Tense dipakai untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang akan berlangsung pada suatu waktu tertentu dimasa yang akan datang. Pada saat mengatakan, kejadian tersebut belum dilakukan. Contoh : Gaby will be cooking rice tomorrow.

o   Future Perfect (Subject + Will + Have + Verb 3) : Future Perfect Tense dipakai untuk menyatakan suatu kegiatan/kejadian yang akan sudah atau belum selesai dilakukan/terjadi sebelum suatu saat tertentu diwaktu yang akan datang. Pada saat mengatakan, kegiatan tersebut belum dilakukan. Contoh : They will have finished the homework by friday.

o   Future Perfect Continuous (Subject + Will + Have + Been + Verb ing) : Future Perfect Continuous Tense dipakai untuk menekankan durasi, sudah atau belumnya suatu kegiatan yang akan sudah (sedang) berlangsung sebelum kejadian lain diwaktu yang akan datang. Pada saat mengatakannya, kegiatan tersebut belum dilakukan. Contoh : They will have been teaching for fifteen years this year.

Sumber : Buku bacaan